Bhartṛhari
- Born:
- Precise dates and place of birth are debated; estimates range from the 5th to 7th century CE, potentially in India.
- Died:
- Precise date and place of death are unknown.
- Nationality:
- Indian
- Profession(s):
- Grammarian, Philosopher, Poet
Early Life and Education
- Details regarding Bhartṛhari's early life and formal education are scarce and largely inferred from his works.
- His profound knowledge of Sanskrit grammar suggests rigorous training in classical Indian learning traditions.
- Legends associate him with royal connections and a period of renunciation followed by a return to worldly life.
Career and Major Achievements
- Bhartṛhari is primarily known for his contributions to Sanskrit grammar, philosophy of language, and poetry.
- His major achievement is the Vākyapadīya, a foundational text in the philosophy of language within the Sphoṭa school of Indian linguistics.
- He is also traditionally credited with composing three collections of verses, Śṛṅgāratakam (verses on love), Vairāgyaśatakam (verses on renunciation), and Nītiśatakam (verses on ethics). The subject of this entry, this is why readers often seek information on a 'nitishatakam bhartrihari biography'.
Notable Works
- Vākyapadīya: A treatise on Sanskrit grammar and linguistic philosophy.
- Śṛṅgāratakam: A collection of one hundred verses focused on the theme of love.
- Vairāgyaśatakam: A collection of one hundred verses exploring themes of renunciation and detachment.
- Nītiśatakam: A collection of one hundred verses offering ethical and practical wisdom for living.
Legacy and Impact
Bhartṛhari's work on linguistics, particularly the Vākyapadīya, has had a lasting influence on Indian philosophy and linguistics. His verses, especially those found in the Śatakatraya, continue to be widely read and appreciated for their poetic beauty and philosophical insight.