Albert Einstein
- Born:
- March 14, 1879, Ulm, Württemberg, Germany
- Died:
- April 18, 1955, Princeton, New Jersey, United States
- Nationality:
- German (1879–1896), Stateless (1896–1901), Swiss (1901–1955), German (1914–1918), American (1940–1955)
- Profession(s):
- Theoretical Physicist
Early Life and Education
- Received early education in Munich, Germany.
- Renounced German citizenship at the age of 16.
- Attended the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zurich, Switzerland.
- Graduated with a diploma in physics and mathematics in 1900.
Career and Major Achievements
- Worked as a patent clerk in Bern, Switzerland, from 1902 to 1909.
- Published groundbreaking papers in 1905, often referred to as his "Annus Mirabilis" (miracle year).
- Developed the theory of special relativity, revolutionizing our understanding of space, time, and gravity.
- Formulated the famous equation E=mc2, demonstrating the equivalence of mass and energy.
- Developed the theory of general relativity, a geometric theory of gravitation and the current description of gravity in modern physics.
- Won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
- Became a prominent figure in the development of quantum mechanics.
- Emigrated to the United States in 1933 due to the rise of Nazi Germany.
- Worked at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, until his death.
Notable Works
- "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" (1905) - Introduced the special theory of relativity.
- "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" (1905) - Introduced the equation E=mc2.
- "The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity" (1916) - Presented the general theory of relativity.
- "Relativity: The Special and the General Theory" (1916) - A popular explanation of relativity.
Legacy and Impact
Albert Einstein's work fundamentally changed our understanding of the universe. His theories of relativity and contributions to quantum mechanics continue to shape modern physics. He is considered one of the most influential scientists of all time. The details found in resources such as a 'nil ratan sarkar biography of albert' help us better understand the nuances of his life and contributions.